Concert Report Essay -- essays research papers

On June seventh at eight o’clock pm I attended a concert at Beneroya Hall. The concert was part of the Masterpiece series, performed by the Seattle Symphony and conducted by Hermann Michael; also including a special performance by the pianist Hà ©là ¨ne Grimaud. The performance included four pieces, two by Ludwig Van Beethoven, one by Maurice Ravel, and the last was by Richard Strauss. The two pieces by Beethoven were; Overture to The Construction of The House, and piano Concerto No. 4 in g major, Op. 58. The piece by Ravel was Pavane for a Dead Princess. Finally the last by Strauss was Death and Transfiguration. I truly enjoy going to the symphony, the music is quite a bit better than on any type of recording I have ever heard. The segment that I enjoyed the most was the Piano Concerto, beca...

Early Intervention for Special Needs Children Essay

The development and implementation of early intervention activities for young children who have a delay or who are at risk for future delays are relatively recent phenomena in the United States. Early intervention as an applied and academic field has developed primarily within the specialty area of early childhood special education (ECSE), a field comprised of professionals from many disciplines. The genesis of ECSE in the United States may be traced to the formation, in 1968, of the Handicapped Children’s Early Education Program (HCEEP) branch within the United States Department of Education. Although other work had occurred in early intervention prior to this time, the establishment of HCEEP provided national recognition and federal funds to address early intervention issues. Since 1968, rapid changes have occurred in the field of early intervention. The most significant event impacting on early intervention was the passage of Public Law 99-457 (P. L. hereafter) in 1986. This law mandates education for handicapped children aged three to five years and provides both impetus and funding for early intervention for children younger than age three. From the viewpoint of an outside observer, the passage of only eighteen years from the establishment of a specialty area to that specialty area demonstrating efficacy such that its tenets become law is admirable. However, these tenets, and the practices derived from them, are based on research that has recently received negative reviews. It is clear that ECSE has done well, but many challenges remain to be met. Failure to conquer these challenges could result in a loss of valuable ground that many have worked hard to achieve. Early Evidence for Early Intervention As the fields of special education and early childhood education evolved, evidence were accumulating that early intervention could be effective. In a classic study, Skeels (1966) examined the effects of environmental stimulation on two comparable groups of infants. Mentally retarded females acted as surrogate mothers for one group (n = 13), providing these children with attention and stimulation. Twelve infants with average IQs remained in a nonstimulating orphanage environment. Eighteen months later, the stimulated infants gained an average 27. 5 IQ points while the control group dropped 26. 2 points. Twenty-one years later, Skeels (1966) continued to find differences between those who were placed in the enriched environment and those who were not. Of those in the experimental group, all were found to be self-supporting as adults. Four of these adults had completed college and, as a group, had a median high-school education. Of those in the control group, four adults had been institutionalized. The median education for these adults was at the third-grade level. Additional evidence came from the work of Kirk (1965), who studied handicapped preschoolers. He compared institutionalized mentally handicapped preschoolers who received a preschool program with a comparable group who remained on the wards and received no intervention services. Children in the experimental program showed significant gains on intellectual measures. Six of the fifteen-experimental group children were able to leave the institution by age eight, while none of the children in the control group left the institution. Works researched provided additional evidence for the value of early intervention. Based upon these studies, the consensus emerged that children’s cognitive skills develop early in life and very rapidly, and that early enrichment can have profound influences on a child’s future functioning. Although this consensus is no longer accepted without question, this philosophy, nevertheless, played a major role in the acceptance of early intervention and helped to create a social climate for legislation favoring handicapped children. Legislative Activities Both research and societal factors converged to provide momentum for the early intervention movement in the 1960s. The changing social climate in the United States in the 1960s led to the passage of favorable legislation for several groups. Litigative and legislative activities occurred in the areas of civil rights, rights for the disadvantaged, and rights for the handicapped. A breakthrough for early intervention, focusing on disadvantaged children, was the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964. Part of this act was directed at the establishment of Project Head Start. This program was designed to provide early intervention for disadvantaged preschool children in the research found that these IQ gains disappeared after the children entered school. Based on societal and political pressures, Head Start continued despite the negative research findings. Arguments by researchers who questioned the findings and suggested that unmeasurable gains were being made bolstered the pro-Head Start forces. The results of a nineteen-year longitudinal study on children who participated in Head Start (the Perry Pre-school Project) found a number of positive results. These benefits included: (a) less need for special education, (b) more positive school attitudes, (c) less arrests, (d) less teen pregnancy, and (e) better employment histories. Other research has supported these findings. As an early intervention program, Head Start is the most well-known in the United States and has served over eight million preschoolers. Additionally, Head Start has had a major impact on early intervention for children with handicaps. The Economic Opportunity Acts Amendments of 1972 mandated that at least 10% of the total population served by Head Start be children with handicaps, giving Head Start the status of the first mandated, mainstreamed early intervention program in the United States. This occurred well before the concept of mainstreaming became popular in special education. One of the most important pieces of legislation regarding young children with handicaps was the Handicapped Children’s Early Education Assistance Act of 1968. This act established the Handicapped Children’s Early Education Program of the Department of Education, which has been responsible for funding the majority of innovative service projects in early intervention that occurred in the United States. This legislation may be viewed as the formal beginning of the field of early intervention for the handicapped. HCEEP programs will be discussed more fully later in this chapter in the section on current practices. The next major legislation to affect early intervention activities was an act that impacted significantly on educational practices for all handicapped children–the Education of All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (P. L. 94-142). P. L. 94-142 provided for a free, appropriate public education with related services to all children with handicaps between the ages of three and twenty-one years. This act has been called the â€Å"Bill of Rights† for children with handicaps. The overall impact of this act on educational practice has been discussed in other places. While this act documented acceptance of the need for early intervention by the federal government, it also provided individual states with the option not to serve these young children. Unfortunately, this was an option many states adopted. In 1985, only twenty-four of the fifty states had mandated services for handicapped children under age five and only eight states had mandated services for handicapped children under age three. Although P. L. 94-142 had a major impact on such intervention, supporters of early intervention were aware of the implementation problems involved in serving young children. As a result of successes with preschool early intervention, the need for services for even younger children was being heralded. Congress responded to these calls for early intervention in 1983 by passing the Amendments to the Education of the Handicapped Act (P. L. 98-199). These amendments provided financial incentives for states to extend early intervention service levels down to birth. Unfortunately, funding remained dependent upon the number of children served between the ages of three and five, and the act, in effect, diluted the funding available for the three- to five-year-old children. Also, incentives built into these amendments to encourage individual state participation were weak and ineffectual. Lobbying groups for early intervention continued their activities to push through a law mandating early intervention for all young children with handicaps. In 1986, Congress responded by passing P. L. 99-457, (Amendments to the Education of the Handicapped Act). P. L. 99-457 mandated that all preschool-aged children with handicaps receive a free and appropriate education by 1991. This law provided penalties for states that did not conform to the law. In addition, P. L. 99-457 created a new state grant program for infants and toddlers with handicaps. The passage of P. L. 99-457 has signaled a new era for early intervention. The federal government has recognized the need for early intervention (at least at the preschool level) and has provided funds to support it. P. L. 99-457 is also significant in other ways. Children need not be classified into narrowly defined categories to receive services. The importance of the family in development has been heavily emphasized, especially for those children under age three years. For infants and toddlers, the definition of what constitutes intervention services has been broadened. For all children, a wide variety of possible intervention options has been acknowledged. It is clear that the passage of P. L. 99-457 is not the final stop for advocates of early intervention. Concerns regarding how states will implement preschool services and how service policies will be defined remain. Questions regarding services for infants and toddlers are just beginning to be addressed. Many problems still exist, but Public Law 99-457 represents a major accomplishment for advocates of early intervention and a benefit for the children and families who will receive services. Problems in the Present Currently, early intervention activities regarding the development of and research on â€Å"best practices† are occurring. However, there is a growing tendency to question some of what has been accomplished by early intervention. Questions have arisen concerning the research on which early intervention activities are based and on the data from which costs have been obtained. These particular areas–research and costs–have traditionally provided a foundation for early intervention. This report briefly reviews concerns regarding knowledge of costs and the research base of early intervention. Early Intervention Research In a â€Å"review of reviews,† White, Bush, and Casto (1985-86) found overwhelming agreement that early intervention is effective (94% of fifty-two studies). Unfortunately, they also found that a number of these reviews based this assertion primarily or solely on studies done with disadvantaged children. The benefits of early intervention for disadvantaged children are not a major issue of contention. Controversy ensues when these findings are over generalized to children with handicaps. A number of well-conducted reviews of early intervention for handicapped children has been completed. These reviews have been cautious with their conclusions, but overall the findings have been quite negative, particularly regarding the validity of the studies. Dunst, Snyder, and Mankinen (1987) found that 71% of the forty-nine studies they reviewed used methods that made the results scientifically uninterpretable. Other researchers essentially agreed with the Dunst, Snyder, and Mankinen findings. They then attempted to argue that the lack of effectiveness found for early intervention programs was a result of the nature of studies in early intervention. Researchers used meta-analytic techniques to examine a number of common assumptions made regarding early intervention programs and found little empirical support for those assumptions. An extremely comprehensive review by Dunst, Snyder, and Mankinen ( 1987), which examined 105 studies by degree of causality and by type of child served, was no more positive for the early intervention movement. These authors stated that any conclusions regarding the efficacy of early intervention must be considered tentative and conditional. They noted that â€Å"there is insufficient evidence at this time to conclude that there are cause-effect relationships between the interventions and outcomes observed†. Dunst and associates further stated, in agreement with Casto and Mastropieri (1986), that children in early intervention programs do make positive developmental and behavioral changes across time but that â€Å"the extent to which the interventions are responsible for observed effects is difficult to ascertain† (p. 285 ). Some researchers have been critical of reviews of early intervention because they tend to exclude single-subject methodology research. Many of the problems in reviewing this literature base are related to the subjective nature of comparing this research, as no standard metric is employed across studies. Reviews of the single-subject literature in early intervention have been conducted and are favorable but have not significantly refuted other reviews. Single-subject studies do show strong evidence for a functional relationship between dependent and independent variables. These single-subject studies usually focus on a narrow, well-defined objective. Although this is useful for demonstrating functional relationships, it represents only parts of the whole of an early intervention program. Also, these studies are usually conducted under rigorous investigative control, a feature not available in most early intervention programs. Successful programs frequently have problems when disseminated for use by a wider audience. Also, many single-subject studies do not sufficiently address generalization and maintenance issues. Researchers provide suggestions for single-subject research in early intervention, many of which are identical to those that need to be addressed by group research.

Argument Paper On Gun Control - 1354 Words

Position Paper on Gun Control While Americans were contemplating gun control proposals in the wake of mass shootings at a Colorado School, another gunman massacred 50 people in a club in Orlando. This incident brought heated political exchanges between President Obama and Trump, the Republican presidential candidate. It is estimated that in 2015 alone, there were more than 351 mass shootings in the United States. This is a worrying trend that should be reversed as soon as possible. Surprisingly, the trend has divided Americans into two groups. On one extreme end, there are those Americans who believe that the government should enforce gun control. On the other end, some Americans insist that stricter gun controls will not help in the fight against killings. In this light, this paper will try to provide a detailed analysis of the gun control debate while highlighting the various points made by the proponents and opponents of the gun control. The essay posits that gun control is counterproductive. The debate on gun control revolves around how the laws to be implemented will affect the acquisition of guns by the criminals as well as law-abiding citizens. Gun control proponents are of the opinion that in the absence of gun control laws, criminals will acquire guns too easily. In the same vein, if all citizens are armed, criminals will have a greater incentive to acquire guns. Hence, there will be too many guns in circulation and crime cases will increase. Contrastingly, gunShow MoreRelatedGun Control Argument paper1449 Words   |  6 Pagesthe saying, â€Å"Guns don’t kill people, people kill people,† then on December 14, 2012, Adam Lanza, fatally shot twenty children and six adult staff members at Sandy Hook Elementary School in the small town of Newtown, Connecticut. Ever since this tragic day, there has been a large push for gun control in the US, led by President Obama. The bills that are before Congress would make penalties for buying guns illegally more oner ous, address trafficking, and greatly expand the number of gun sales coveredRead MoreThe Argument Against Gun Control Essay1141 Words   |  5 PagesIn this paper, I consider the topic of gun control. First, I present Dixon’s argument in support of gun control, which is that all personal guns should be banned. Second, I introduce Huemer’s argument against the regulation of guns, which is that banning personal firearms is not justified. Third, I critique Huemer’s argument against gun control on the grounds of three claims. First, the right to own a gun is nullified by its negative repercussions. Second, gun control does not violate an individual’sRead MoreGun Control795 Words   |  4 Pages# 1 Gun Control According to the Coalition for Gun Control, last year a total of 291 people were killed by handguns in Australia, Sweden, Great Britain, Japan, and Switzerland. In the United States more than 24,000 people will be killed by the end of this year. So what is the big difference between the U.S. and these other countries? In these other countries it nearly impossible to buy any kind of gun. In these countries there are no gun shows. In these countries you cant buy a gun at aRead MoreArgument Supporting Increased Gun Control in the United States772 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the Coalition for Gun Control, last year a total of 291 people were killed by handguns in Australia, Sweden, Great Britain, Japan, and Switzerland. In the United States more than 24,000 people will be killed by the end of this year. So what is the big difference between the U.S. and these other countries? In these other countries it nearly impossible to buy any kind of gun. In these countries there are no gun shows. In these countries you can’t buy a gun at a pawnshop or your local Wal-MartRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Gun Control749 Words   |  3 PagesAs deciding to what topic I would choose to write a research paper on, the choice was quite simple. The major topic of many discussions today are about guns, gun control and how deadly they can be. The question at hand in my book is simple, are guns bad or are people bad? I believe that legal citizens, who can pass a background check with no prior felonies, should be entitled to the right to purchase and obtain a firearm. With that being said, there are quite a few loopholes in the currentRead MoreGun Control1095 Words   |  5 PagesGun Control: The Battle Rages On Abstract This paper discusses and is centered around the on-going debate over gun control, I directly address how each major political party views this subject and what I believe the United States Government should do to be able to best combat this tremendous issue. I use research from multiple sources that contrast each side of the argument and give an overall insight into the world of modernized gun control. Gun Control: The Battle Rages On With the SecondRead MoreBanning Handguns Is Not The Answer1671 Words   |  7 PagesGun control is a growing issue, as more and more tragedies occur throughout our nation each and every day. While many people believe that our country should place more restrictions and bans on guns to protect citizens and prevent the great amount of adversity present within our nation, others feel that banning guns is not the answer when examining the hardship that guns cause. They believe that banning guns is ineffective and will only create more problems, putting innocent lives at a higher riskRead MoreThere Are Four Main Ideological Perspectives In The Political1302 Words   |  6 Pages There are four main ideological perspectives in the political world. For the sakes of this paper I have chosen to focus primarily on two of them: liberalism and conservatism. Before discussing the relevance of these ideologies in real world issues. I believe it is beneficial to first describe what these two ideol ogies center around. For starters, liberals tend to want more government involvement in both social and economic issues. They also believe that the government should help the people directlyRead MoreGun Control Is Constitutional Or Unconstitutional892 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent viewpoints when it comes to if gun control is Constitutional or Unconstitutional, Blek tends to focus on why there should be restrictions and gun laws in place while Sobran emphasis that the right to bear arms should not be invaded or limited. Both men highlight some specific topics that are actually similar in nature yet, each with their own twist, allowing a person to fully grasp both sides and depict both the positive and negative affect if gun laws where in fact implemented. On theRead MoreGun Control Argument Essay757 Words   |  4 PagesIn my argument essay I chose gun control as my topic. Gun control refers to the debate on whether or not there should be laws against guns. It was a bad idea to choose this topic for many reasons. One reason it was stupid is because I could not decide which side of the debate I wanted to agree with, and which side I wanted to oppose. It confused me a few times because I would agree with the side I was supposed to be against. I constantly had to rewrite half of a paragraph because my argument did not

Jane Austen s Pride And Prejudice - 1832 Words

Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice is one of the most widely read and studied English novels of the 19th century. Austen’s characters, in Pride and Prejudice in particular seem to think and act like real people, and the worlds Austen creates around her characters seem logical and realistic. The novel gives an idea about how human psychology and gender relations looked like during the 19th century in England. â€Å"The novel is regularly interpreted from a feminist theory perspective, with theorists arguing that Elizabeth Bennet resists patriarchal authority and refuses to subject herself to the will and power of men.† (Chapman, R.W.55) Jane Austen is a woman who fights for women rights and the equality of women with men since she had to live with inequality and injustice in her own life. In this regard, Jane Austen, the author of Pride and Prejudice proves herself to be a clear feminist. To prove her feminists, Austen had used this novel of hers as a tool to portray her views on the unequal and injustice society of men where woman had been always sidelined and subjective to men. Since the novel deals with female subjectivity and a strong-minded heroine, feminist theory is the most effective school of thought to apply to this novel. Feminism is not new to Austen literary style. Since the 1970s, critical theories have begun to place Austen within a feminist context. Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice has earned the categorization of a novel about marriage and satire according to theShow MoreRelatedJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1231 Words   |  5 Pagesfinancial stability. In the novel Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen states that the desire for better social connections interferes with the workings of love through the relationship between Darcy and Elizabeth to criticize the social class structure of the 19th century. Anxieties about social connections or the desire for better social connections, interfere with the workings of love. Darcy and Elizabeth s realization of a mutual and tender love seems to imply that Jane Austen views love as something independentRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1294 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen s exceptional novel Pride and Prejudice has been depicted as a classic that is as much a social study on class, marriage and gender as it is a romantic tale. It is an amusing representation of the social atmosphere of the late eighteenth and mid nineteenth century England, and it is primarily required with courtship rituals of the English high class. The novel is more than a romantic tale, however through Austen s subtle, and ironic style, it addresses gender, class, and marriageRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice992 Words   |  4 Pages It is unfortunate that many people tend to dismiss Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice, as simply a roman tic love story, even labeling it a â€Å"chick flick.† Upon a shallow reading, it may appear to be such, but a closer look at the novel reveals so much more embedded in the story. In addition to describing the entertaining relationship between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy, the novel serves to forward Austen s personal values and ideas. Furthermore, there is one issue of her era that she particularlyRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1138 Words   |  5 PagesPride and Prejudice is a novel about the superficiality of marriage during the late 19th and early 20th century, which largely influenced the decisions made by individuals, based on connections and social rankings. The novel takes its characters through various changes influenced by their decision to or rather not to marry certain individuals. It begins not by a man desiring to marry for love, but by a mother who desires nothing more than to marry her daughters well. As the novel develops, Jane AustenRead MoreJane A usten s Pride And Prejudice1211 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was greatly influenced by the time period in which it was written, This novel follows the story of Elizabeth Bennet and her sisters as they are faced with marriage proposals. The marriage and roles of women in this time period are shown throughout this story. During the time Austen was writing this novel, a woman’s role for her family changed. Daughters started to become a way for their family to achieve more money. Because their family depended on this financialRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1675 Words   |  7 PagesIn Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, she has specific criteria that her characters follow when choosing their mates. In today’s society, most couples still follow these criteria and more when choosing their ideal mate. What are these important criteria that Austen’s characters consider when choosing a mate? For Austen, the important cr iteria that she has for choosing a mate are that couples are personally compatible, they are in love with each other, and they must have a good moral character. Read MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1678 Words   |  7 PagesAfter reading Jane Austen’s most popular piece of work, the effects of the high societal expectations can be acknowledged through viewing the lives of the Bennet family and friends and noting such effects. Through the examination of the characters in Pride and Prejudice it is easily deciphered between marriages based upon true love and marriage based upon the expectations of society. Society’s main goal for woman in the Victorian era was marriage. As seen many in Pride and Prejudice, marriage wasRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1434 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was considered a radical novel back in 1813 when she wrote and published the piece. It is a social commentary on the treatment and societal standards of women, as well marriage expectations at the turn of the 19th century. Austen criticizes the patriarchal society, materialism, double standards of men and women by centering the book around Elizabeth Bennett, a young woman of decent means who does not understand the reason for the pressure to find a suitable husbandRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1468 Words   |  6 Pagesestablished over time. In Jane Austen s novel, Pride and Prejudice Elizabeth Bennet is the main character who is a lady in the Regency Era. Elizabeth lives in Longbourn with her parents, Mr and Mrs Bennet and her four sisters. In the beginning of the novel, Elizabeth s prejudice mindset and strong opinion blinds her from realizations happening around her. Soon, Elizabeth s prejudice disappears allowing her to open up and fall in love. Throughout Jane Austen s novel, Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth growsRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn her novel, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen is pre-occupied with the theme of marriage. Marriage is a central issue of a woman’s life but it was even more crucial for the women of her society where women were largely dependent on the men in their lives. As a result, women pursued socio-economic stability through marriage. However, it is clear through the novel that Austen did not agree with this part of her society. In Pride and Prejudice, she gives preference to a marriage which is based on love

What´s International Trade - 1442 Words

Introduction International trade is to explain why countries to import and export cargo, and barriers to trade and many different steps and trade barriers have been taken down and explain some economic factors must be protected trade. When foreign trade is not strongly change, government spending and taxes, like most of the headlines, it aroused some peoples blood in economics. Both exports and imports will affect the livelihood and way of life. These people are very anxious, but those who worry about their personal liveway. Economists generally believe that almost, overseas trade will be in a free global market a large number of people have done a lot of good. Forms of Restriction on International Trade Free trade is the†¦show more content†¦This problem has been greatly reduced due to estimation in cross-border trade goods agreement between countries is now. The Reason of Trade Barriers Free trade is in many countries and most of the traditional media. They believe that free trade will slow economic growth, employment, let the injured. These are some of the reasons of economic and trade protection: †¢ Continue to save local work from the cheap foreign labor. Although, output per worker is higher, are high in general wage industrialized countries. The highest wages can reflect the maximum work rate or no benefit. Owners must reduce wages and production efficiency. †¢ Increased trade deficit. Trade barriers make imports more expensive, reduce the demand for imports. However, trading partners can also raise prices, international trade. This policy will not solve the problem, if the domestic production of goods without competition or may not be high quality. The country is willing to spend not so much if they fall in exports imports. †¢ Continue to save the infant industry. Countries to emerging industries. A long time, become aggressive. However, some government protection will never end, these industries will from trade barriers have given their interests become aggressive. †¢ Trade barriers supporters do not agree with the overseas industry often engaged in unfair trade practices, unfair competition environment. A common differences, overseas imports sold to domesticShow MoreRelatedThe Global Economy and International Trade1357 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿The Global Economy and International Trade What Is International Trade International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories. In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). While international trade has been present throughout much of history, its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries. Increasing international trade is crucial to the continuanceRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Globalization Essay1680 Words   |  7 Pagesin the communication aspect. So what its globalization and its effects on the United States? WHAT IS GLOBALIZTION? First off, we will search and explore some definitions of the term globalization. ?Globalization is the process of denationalization of markets, politics, and legal systems, i.e., the rise of the so-called global economy? (Introduction to Globalization, 2004). Another article states, ?Globalization is an inevitable phenomenon in human history that?s been bringing the world closerRead MoreWhat Happens When There Is a Surplus of Imports Brought Into the Us1065 Words   |  5 PagesInternational Trade and Finance Speech What happens when there is a surplus of imports into the U S: A surplus of imports is good for consumers but bad for local business. We have to produce and manufacture in order to export. As our export trade shrinks, so does our workforce and economy. The surplus of imported cars for 2012 has exceeded the exportation by $152 billion. Also the shelf life of cars is 1 year. Every year at the end of the cycle the existing models are sold off at huge discountsRead MoreWhat Would Our Nation Do Without Globalization and International Trade? 1574 Words   |  7 Pagesstrategies. Becoming international is an important factor in assisting organizations in becoming globally competitive. Strategic imperatives have helped in the development of globalization. Organizations can no longer stand still while their competitors grow stronger. This causes organizations to seek out new markets. Survival is a key indicator for an organization to enter into a global market place. What would our nation do without globalization and international trade? Below i s a list ofRead MoreThe Impact Of Foreign Policy On International Trade Essay1494 Words   |  6 Pagesinvolvement of government in international trade, many people have posed their opinion about what the role of government should be in it. Different factors are involved when it comes to deciding what this should be. It impacts a lot of people, so in order to do that, trade policy must be properly defined, identify what the roles of government currently are, and their involvement in it, and then analyse what should be their role. Trade policy is how a country carries out trade with other countries (CommercialRead MoreInternational Trade : Comparative And Competitive Advantage1512 Words   |  7 Pages International trade theories are simply theories that explain how imports and exports work between different countries. Hence the name international trade. In this paper I will be reviewing different theories of international trade, explain the difference between comparative and comp etitive advantages, and answering three important questions. What the underlying economic rationale for international business activity is, why trade takes place, and the gains from trade and investment. I will firstRead MoreUnit 39 - International Business1099 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 39 – International Business Scenario You are employed by the local Business Development Agency and have been asked to independently research international business in relation to an international case study business of your choice. From your research you are required to put together a research report document which can be used to assist businesses who are considering trading internationally. Your work should be a result of your own independent research and contain references throughoutRead MoreMarket Forces Shape Organisational Responses Using A Range Of Examples?1086 Words   |  5 Pagesthe shoes, thereby can influence the price of product and one would have no other alternative but to buy the product. Buyer’s Bargaining Power: This is the ability of customers to put an organisation under pressure, which also affects the customer s sensitivity to price changes. Firms can take measures to reduce buyer power, such as implementing a loyalty program. For example, the introduction of Tesco clubs card by Tesco retailer and also the introduction of a discount card. Threat of Substitution:Read MoreFactors That Influence A Nations Willingness Enter Into Trade Agreements1714 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many factors that influence a nation’s willingness to enter into Trade Agreements. Briefly outline the basic models discussed in the readings and class (Heckscher-Ohlin and Ricardo-Viner). Discuss what factors influence domestic trade preferences (Political, Economic, Sociotropic, etc.). According to the article, the hypothesis of Heckscher-Ohlin model or factor endowments is that â€Å"all factors of production within a country are mobile across sectors, that markets are perfectly competitiveRead MoreFinancial And Non Financial Trade Organizations909 Words   |  4 Pagesnon-financial trade organizations and institutions in Canada There are lots of different financial and non-financial organizations and institutions in Canada; however, the focus will be on several of them such as Global Affairs Canada, Ministry of International Trade, Enterprise Toronto, EDC, TFO etc. According to the Government of Canada (2017), Global Affairs Canada is a division of the Government of Canada, which is focused on relationships with other countries, managing Canada`s international trade

Hygiene and Handling of Food at the Buffet-Samples for Students

Question: You have been appointed as the food safety supervisor in a restaurant which is planning to start a new self-service food service (buffet) and the management has asked you to file a report about the staff and customer practices you think that can impact on the food safety. Answer: Displaying of food (chilled / hot and ambient) Buffets displays cold, hot and ambient foods kept at room temperature where it is essential to keep a close eye on the temperature and time. Hot foods The hot foods should be kept at an internal temperature of 60 degree Celsius or 140 F or warmer. The food is served hot in slow cookers, chafing dishes and warming trays by using a food thermometer for checking. The temperature should be checked every 2 hours by using a calibrated food thermometer. It should be noted that some warming trays can hold food only at 110F to 120F and therefore, it should be checked that trays could hold foods up to 140F or warmer that keep away the bacteria called Temperature Danger Zone. Egg and related dishes like souffls or quiches require re-heating temperature to 165F before serving (Ali 2014). Cold foods It is important to serve cold foods in buffet at 40F or colder and keep them refrigerated until it is served. If any food item is going to be displayed on buffet table for more than 2 hours, the plate containing cold foods should be placed on ice to retain the chillness. Cold foods in buffet should be kept cool enough to avoid growth of bacteria or harmful pathogens on it. Ice serves as the best way to keep buffet foods cool. The proteins need to be kept cold like beans, meat and dairy products (Fda.gov 2018). Ambient foods Shelf-stable foods need to be stored safely at room temperature in sealed container. These foods are normally stored in refrigerator, however they can be processed to store them safely at ambient or room temperature for long shelf life. The ambient temperature glass cabinets or display cases are used to store ambient food items like sauces, breads and other condiments. Self service and refilling of food In context to self-service in buffet, the food staff should monitor the way customers or clients use self-service equipment for checking that food is not being contaminated. Controls and monitoring is important in self-service, as food should be served quickly after preparation. The staff who supervise self-service at displays should possess appropriate knowledge and skills for the tasks. One staff must be assigned for monitoring guests and eliminating food safety threat like reusing utensils and plates. The supervision should be maintained in a way that customers should not feel alarmed or uncomfortable. The customer service skills should be good enough to ensure that staffs are not intrusive. There should be separate clean utensils to take food on display and should monitor that customers use them so that contamination is minimized. The single-use items should be kept in dispensers as it minimizes contamination and reduce waste. There should be hand sanitizer in dispensers at self- service buffet and sanitize surfaces by separate cloths and sanitizing solutions (Skov et al. 2013). The refilling of water at buffet is done when the container is less than one-quarter and old container should be removed replacing it. The food should not be combined between new and old containers and place enough drinking filled glasses at all times. Buffet inserts should be refilled in pantry or kitchen and not in the outlet and refills should take place until 15 minutes before closing of buffet so that presentation is up to standard in regards to food cost (Sakaguchi, Pak and Potts 2018). Hygiene in the buffet area Buffet offers variety of dishes and food for gratifying palate of customers with assorted preferences. However, food at buffet is exposed to environment and face difficulty in controlling food temperature. Therefore, it is important to maintain hygiene and quality while enjoying sumptuous meal at the buffet. The buffet area should be cleaned three to four times at the pre opening and after closing of buffet. It is important to sanitize the surface areas like tabletops, bar tops, crockery and cutlery that customers comes in direct contact. At the buffet, there should be safe handling of food by staff by using proper gloves, clean clothing and hairnets that maintain overall hygiene. There should be proper hand washing and sanitizing by employees after every three hours on duty. The unused and leftover for more than 2 hours should be thrown away from buffet facility and remove utensils that become contaminated and replenish with fresh ones (Oyewole 2013). Contamination issues Cross-contamination is the biggest issue in buffet when an individual touches food item or utensil with unclean hands that results in spreading viruses or bacteria to others who is exposed to that particular utensil or food. The self-service buffet greatly invites cross-contamination issues that transfer disease-causing microorganisms through food via direct contact or dripping contaminated liquid on food. In addition, there should be proper food temperature maintenance as temperatures between 40 F and 140 F cause bacteria or virus to grow and multiply rapidly increasing chances of illness to customers (Hattersley and King 2014). Crockery and cutlery Presentation is essential in buffet catering and crockery helps in complimenting the food at display. The combination of interesting colours and shapes gives an exciting experience through ceramic, wood and glass materials in the catering crockery. The centre dishes have maximum effect and use of rubber pedestals on elevated dishes adds alternate heights to buffet table. A range of cups, plates, tableware and bowls that is used extensively at the buffet table. Buffet display equipments comprises of display baskets, chafing dishes and display trays that help to present food to customers in a professional and stylish manner (Andrews 2013). Disposable materials used The materials comprises of tabletop disposables, paper napkins, plastic plates, stirrers and straws, foam and paper disposables, cardboard, foil, paper and drink containers that goes to recycle bin. Recycled paper and plastic products should be used that are biodegradable in nature. Disposing the waste material Food waste can be recycled depending on its nature as vegetable and fruit peelings, leftovers at buffet and post-consumer are recycled. Grease-trap sludge and meat cut are not generally accepted. Aerobic windrow composting or hot composting is used in Australia where food waste is mixed with organics like paper or wood chips forming windrows. In-vessel composting is also used for aerobic decomposition that is similar to windrow compositing (Reynolds, Piantadosi and Boland 2015). References Ali, F.A., 2014.Food serving assembly. U.S. Patent 8,869,789. Andrews, S., 2013.Food and beverage service: A training manual. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Fda.gov. 2018.Serving Up Safe Buffets. [online] Available at: https://www.fda.gov/Food/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/ucm328131.htm [Accessed 26 Feb. 2018]. Hattersley, S. and King, R., 2014. CateringHow to Keep Allergic Consumers Happy and Safe. InRisk management for food allergy(pp. 189-200). Oyewole, P., 2013. Multiattribute dimensions of service quality in the all-you-can-eat buffet restaurant industry.Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management,22(1), pp.1-24. Reynolds, C.J., Piantadosi, J. and Boland, J., 2015. Rescuing food from the organics waste stream to feed the food insecure: an economic and environmental assessment of Australian food rescue operations using environmentally extended waste input-output analysis.Sustainability,7(4), pp.4707-4726. Sakaguchi, L., Pak, N. and Potts, M.D., 2018. Tackling the issue of food waste in restaurants: Options for measurement method, reduction and behavioral change.Journal of Cleaner Production. Skov, L.R., Lourenco, S., Hansen, G.L., Mikkelsen, B.E. and Schofield, C., 2013. Choice architecture as a means to change eating behaviour in self?service settings: a systematic review.Obesity Reviews,14(3), pp.187-196.

Principles of Communication Consistency and Relevancy

Question: Discuss about thePrinciples of Communicationfor Consistency and Relevancy. Answer: Introduction Communication is the basis of any business relation, when communicating in a business meeting, understanding the audience will help to tailor the communication to suit the particular kind of audience. Efficiency and effectiveness communication helps to reduce redundancy and improves the productivity of the message. The elements for proper communication include clarity, conciseness, consistency, relevancy, as well as audience knowledge. The paper will address the difficulties being faced by James in trying to communicate to a team of Japanese work force that he is leading. It will also provide ways and understanding that James ought to keep in mind while addressing the team(Guide Guide, 2017). Discussion The Japanese seem to have a unique and strict culture that guides their social interactions among them as well as with foreigners. According to global communication website, the Japanese understand that it is difficult for foreigners to work in Japan, therefore, they do not expect the foreigners to speak in Japanese, they give room for mistakes provided that due respect is maintained. In some occasions during the business meetings, they will try to help the foreigner, but be guilty on their end in their lack understanding of the English language(Kameda, 2012).During business meetings, if one of the Japanese members is to speak, appointment should be made in advance and if possible a week before the meeting. In the Japanese society meetings mostly happen in groups thus when one is preparing to meet one person it will be a surprise as the Japanese are a group society, and will always appear in a meeting as a group(Niemeier, Campbell, Dirven, 2014). During the business meetings, it is usual for the most senior person to be seated furthest from the door while the most junior seats closest to the door. Moreover, the society requires that several meetings to be conducted before they are comfortable to conduct a business with aforeigner.Finally, in Japanese culture it is considered disrespectful to gaze into someones eyes especially if he is your senior while conversing. Most of their communication is non-verbal such scratching the back of the head, teeth clenching tilting the head or scratching the eyebrow as well as frowning, shows disagreement or lack of understanding(Riel, 2014). As for the Americans their culture on communication is shallow and is oriented in quick affective of information, for this reason they ask direct questions and requests hence they are straightforward to the point. As opposed to the Japanese the American are self-reliant individuals, hence if you schedule to meet one person no group surprises will happen. Moreover, the phrase time is money is largely lived by it in America and almost every individual values it. In America, it is considered arrogant not to maintain eye contact during a conversation unlike in Japan ("Business Communication Styles in USA and Successful Communication with American Businesses and Colleagues: World Business Culture", 2017). It is evident that the two cultures are conflicting; never the less business meetings must be conducted. To aid the communication it is wise that James gets to understand the non-verbal communication of the audience, as it will help in getting feedback with minimal verbal communication, moreover he should understand that the Japanese group needs time to gain confidence in him through several meetings. On the other hand, the Japanese group needs to understand that time is money and the faster they embrace Jamess presence the quicker they will get things done in business (Hagge, 2010). References Business Communication Styles in USA and Successful Communication with American Businesses and Colleagues :: World Business Culture. (2017).Worldbusinessculture.com. Retrieved 24 February 2017, from https://www.worldbusinessculture.com/American-Business-Communication-Style.html Guide, J. Guide, J. (2017).Japan - Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette | global-etiquette | resources.Commisceo-global.com. Retrieved 24 February 2017, from https://www.commisceo-global.com/country-guides/japan-guide Hagge, J. (2010). The Spurious Paternity of Business Communication Principles.Journal Of Business Communication,26(1), 33-55. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002194368902600104 Kameda, N. (2012). "Englishes" in Cross-Cultural Business Communication.Business Communication Quarterly,55(1), 3-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108056999205500102 Niemeier, S., Campbell, C., Dirven, R. (2014).The Cultural Context in Business Communication(1st ed.). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Pub. Co. Riel, C. (2014).Principles of corporate communication(1st ed.). London: Prentice Hall. Taub, H., Schilling, D., Saha, G. (2013).Principles of communication systems(1st ed.). New Delhi: McGrew Hill Education.